1. DESCRIPTION:
Actinobacillus causes severe pleuropneumonia which is a highly contagious disease in swine which caused fibrinous pleurisy and pneumonia. The disease is often characterized by highly contagious and often fatal respiratory disease.
2. ETIOLOGY:
The etiologic agent of APP is Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. The organism is a hemolytic, Gram-negative, capsulated, coccobacillary rod, highly host-specific for swine. Strains vary in virulence and pathogenicity.
3. CLINICAL SIGNS:
Three clinical forms of APP are recognized.
APP cause dyspnea, acute pleuropneumonia accompanied with abscess and infected swine may die within 6 – 12 hours with blood-stained froth at the mouth. Mortality may reach up to 15%.
Mild fever from 41oC, accompanied by shortness of breath, wheezing and signs of cyanosis can be seen from ears or other part of the body where skin regions is relatively thin. Eyes are usually shown colour red, which is usually to be mistaken to cholera. Opaque nasal discharge with blood.
The early signs include sudden onset of prostration, high temperatures, apathy, anorexia, stiffness, and perhaps vomiting and diarrhea. A shallow, nonproductive cough is occasionally present.
4. PREVENTION:
Hygiene prevention:
Vaccination:
Vaccinate in accordance to manufacturers’ instruction.
Preventive measures:
FLOMAX: | 1 kg / 500 kg of feed / day. |
TIAMULIN: | 1 kg / 1 ton of feed / day. |
Mix one of the above products into feed every 25-30 days for a period of 4 – 5 days consecutively.
5. TREATMENT:
In an acute outbreak examine the at-risk group three times daily to identify disease as early as possible. It may be necessary to inject the whole group. Select from one of the following products:
FLO 45 LA: | 1 ml / 15 kg of b.w, administer twice / day. |
GENTAMAX: | 1 - 2 ml / 15 kg of b.w, administer twice / day. |
AMOXCYCLA LA: | 1 ml /20 kg of b.w, administer twice / day. |
LINCOSPEC: | 1 ml / 10 kg of b.w, administer twice / day. |
The decision to inject is a balance decision between effective treatment and the risk of more disease due to the stress. Therefore, during treatment, it is recommended to use the following recommended products to enhance the animals’ natural resistance by supplying nutrition and relieve stress.